By Rekpene Bassey
The debate on establishing state police in Nigeria has persisted for nearly three decades. This discussion began earnestly during President Olusegun Obasanjo’s administration as the nation grappled with severe security challenges.
Unfortunately, successive administrations did not prioritise this concept until the All Progressives Congress (APC) government emerged in 2015.
Establishing state police was vital to the APC’s presidential campaign in 2014.
However, enthusiasm for the concept waned, only receiving sporadic support from figures like former Vice President Yemi Osinbajo. During President Muhammadu Buhari’s tenure, the idea was primarily sidelined, only to be revived during the APC’s presidential campaigns in 2022 under Bola Tinubu.
After assuming office, President Tinubu took concrete steps to turn campaign promises into action. In February this year, he endorsed the governors’ suggestions for establishing state police to combat rising insecurity. Consequently, the 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) were directed to submit reports on their deliberations to the National Economic Council (NEC).
However, several months later, a few states—specifically Adamawa, Kebbi, Kwara, Sokoto, and the FCT- had yet to submit their reports. This non-compliance led the acting governor of Oyo State, Bayo Lawal, to raise concerns during a meeting at the Presidential Villa on September 4. This delay has reignited the question: Who is afraid of state police?
The concept of state police in Nigeria is fraught with controversy. Proponents argue that state police would enhance local security and response times, tailor security efforts to regional needs, and reduce the burden on the federal police.
They believe it would increase community trust and cooperation while giving governors more control over security matters. However, opponents fear potential abuses of power and a loss of centralised control.
From the Federal Government’s perspective, there is concern about relinquishing control over security matters, which could lead to parallel power structures. The Nigerian Police Force may also resist the idea, fearing a reduction in their powers, funding, or influence.
Some governors are hesitant, possibly because they are concerned about the financial implications, the potential misuse of state police, or the creation of a powerful tool that could be used against political opponents.
Ethnic and regional groups might fear that state police could be used to target or oppress minority communities or political adversaries. Individuals worried about the abuse of power might be concerned that state police could intimidate or harass political opponents or that governors might exploit their control over the police for personal gain. These fears are not without basis, considering Nigeria’s complex socio-political landscape.
Despite these fears, it is essential to recognize that they are not insurmountable. With proper checks and balances, state police can be established to prioritize community safety and security. Proponents argue that state police would enhance local security and response times and address unique regional security challenges. They believe reducing the burden on federal police would lead to more efficient and effective law enforcement.
Several measures can be implemented to alleviate concerns about potential abuses of power. Clear guidelines and oversight mechanisms are crucial to ensure that state police operate within the law.
Community involvement in policing decisions can help build trust and ensure that the police serve the interests of the local population. Comprehensive training and accountability for state police officers are essential to maintain high standards of professionalism and integrity. Additionally, independent review boards can be established to address complaints and hold officers accountable for misconduct.
Another critical aspect to consider is the funding and resource allocation for state police. Ensuring that state police forces are adequately funded and equipped is essential for their effectiveness. This financial support must come with strict oversight to prevent misuse and ensure that resources are used efficiently to enhance security.
Moreover, the federal government can support this by setting national standards and providing resources for training and development. This collaboration between state and federal authorities can help create a unified approach to security while respecting the autonomy of state police forces. Such synergy is vital for addressing Nigeria’s complex security challenges.
The success of state police will also depend on state governors’ political will and commitment. They must demonstrate a genuine commitment to using state police for the public good rather than for political or personal gain. This commitment can be reinforced through transparent governance and accountability mechanisms.
Community policing should be an integral part of the state police framework. Engaging local communities in security efforts can enhance trust and cooperation, making policing more effective. Community policing initiatives can also help address specific regional issues and build stronger relationships between police officers and the communities they serve.
Establishing state police can also create opportunities for employment and development within states. By recruiting local personnel, state police forces can benefit from the knowledge and insights of those familiar with the local environment and its unique challenges. This local recruitment can also foster a sense of ownership and pride in the security efforts.
While some individuals and groups might fear state police, these fears can be addressed through careful planning and implementation. State police have significant potential to enhance security and safety, and if the proper frameworks are put in place, these advantages can outweigh the concerns.
As Nigeria continues to grapple with security challenges, it is essential to consider the potential benefits of state police. A well-structured state police force could provide a more responsive and localised approach to security, tailored to the specific needs of each region. This could lead to a more secure and stable environment for all citizens.
Ultimately, the success of state police in Nigeria will depend on the commitment of all stakeholders to uphold the principles of justice, accountability, and community service. By addressing the concerns and fears associated with state police, Nigeria can move towards a more effective and inclusive security framework that ensures the safety and well-being of its citizens.
It suffices to note here in conclusion that the debate over state police in Nigeria is a complex and multifaceted issue. While there are legitimate concerns about potential abuses of power, these can be mitigated through robust checks and balances.
The potential benefits of state police in enhancing local security and addressing regional challenges make it a worthwhile consideration. As Nigeria continues to face significant security threats, it is crucial to explore all possible solutions, including establishing state police, to create a safer and more secure nation for all.
As we reflect on the necessity and potential of state police, it is clear that Nigeria stands at a crossroads. The choices made today will determine tomorrow’s security landscape.
By embracing the concept of state police and implementing it thoughtfully, Nigeria can pave the way for a more secure, prosperous future where all citizens feel safe and protected.
*Rekpene Bassey is the President of the African Council on Narcotics (ACON). He is also a Security and Drug Prevention Expert.
